[Nommo]

Récolte et photo Pierre Perillier.

[Fouad]

"Récolte niçoise[point]" C'est un indice ? ;)

[Nommo]

Salut Fouad,
Non, un signe de ponctuation inutile.

[Y.Courtieu]

Bonsoir,
Un méditerranéen spécifique ?

[Nommo]

Bonsoir Yves,

C’est la question que je me pose.

[Jplm]

Là aussi, il faudrait peut-être regarder en détail la description de cette nouvelle espèce qui s'invite chez nos gomphides au delà de ce qu'en dit le GEPR ( = sosie miniature de rutilus, méditerranéen et pinicole).

Je vous laisse potasser, je vais dîner !

Jplm

[Jplm]

Bonjour,

Sans nouvel apport d'information, ce champignon est un gomphide ; rougeâtre, méridional, sous conifères, basse altitude, rien ne me parait s'opposer à le nommer Chroogomphus rutilus.

Jplm


PS 12h26 : pour ceux qui voudraient en savoir plus sur C. mediterraneus, il y a ça https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 401630033X mais on est limités à l'abstract.

[Nommo]

Bonjour à toutes et à tous,

J’ai la confirmation, Pierre ne pourra trouver le temps de retourner sur la station. Dans ces conditions je renomme Chroogompus rutilus.

[Jplm]

Pour en savoir plus sur C. mediterraneus, il y a cet article de 2018, je ne sais pas s'il est encore d'actualité : https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6317585/. Avec une clé des huit Chroogomphus européens. Les différences macroscopiques et l'écologie sont évoqués en fin d'article mais la clé ne se base que sur les critères micro. Le chemin très court vers mediterraneus est : Hyphes du chapeau gelatinisées > Trame lamellaire inamyloïde ou presque > C. mediterraneus.

La description de l'espèce est la suivante :

Chroogomphus mediterraneus (Finschow) Vila et al., Errotari 3: 68 (2006).

(Figs 3A, 5C–D, 6C)

Basionym: Gomphidius mediterraneus Finschow, Veroff. Uberseemus. Bremen, A 5: 43 (1978).

Types: Spain: Balearic Islands: Eivissa, Sant Josep de sa Talaia, Puig d’en Serra, alt. 200 m, under Pinus halepensis, 08 Nov 1973, H. Kuhbier [det. G. Finschow] (BREM 2060 – holotype); ibidem, alt. 250–300 m, under Pinus halepensis, 18 Nov 2012, A. Serra (hb. Siquier, JLS 3539 – epitypus hic designatus, MBT379523; GenBank LT219430).

Description: Pileus 30–70(–90) mm, hemispherical to convex or more rarely subconical when young, becoming low convex to applanate or weakly umbilicate with age, rarely also weakly umbonate, margin usually inrolled, surface innately fibrillose, subviscid to dry; colour when young ranging from dark charcoal-grey to olivaceous grey, paling in age to olivaceous brown, vinaceous brown, ochraceous brown or pinkish brown, often with ochraceous orange, pinkish, or cream-orange patches, rarely the whole pileus purple, becoming dark purplish vinaceous to blackish brown when dried. Lamellae moderately to deeply decurrent and distinctly arcuate, distant, when young covered with a fugacious, orange cortinoid veil soon disappearing, ochraceous orange to deep apricot-orange when young and remaining so for a long time, rarely purple, gradually mottled from maturing spores and finally pale brown to olivaceous brown at full maturity; edges more or less smooth and concolorous or slightly paler. Stipe 30–90 × 5–20(–30) mm, cylindrical to fusiform, often flexuous and rooting, apricot-orange to ochraceous buff, frequently with dark remnants of cortinoid veil at the apex, covered in orange or pinkish fibrils below, occasionally with a pinkish flush. Basal mycelium tomentose, distinctly ochraceous yellow or more rarely dull ochraceous cream. Trama of the pileus and stipe uniformly apricot-orange, sometimes vaguely darkening towards the base. Taste and odour weak, somewhat sour; more distinctly acidic in overripe basidiomata.

Basidiospores boletoid; subfusoid to ellipsoid, smooth, thick-walled, dark, blackish, weakly to strongly dextrinoid, (14.0–)15.0–18.5(–20.5) × (5.0–)6.0–7.5(–8.0) μm, av. 16.9 × 6.6 μm, av. range 16.3–18.0 × 5.9–6.8 μm, Q = (1.87–)2.11–2.96(–3.36), Q av. 2.57, Q av. range 2.43–2.70. Basidia bisporic or tetrasporic, 40–75 × 9.5–14 μm, long clavate. Pleuro- and cheilocystidia 91–153 × 11–22 μm, av. 122.3 × 15.3 μm, av. range 108.0–130.5 × 13.8–18. 3 μm, cylindrical to subfusiform or subutriform, sometimes subcapitate, thin-walled (to 1.0 μm), but occasionally also thick-walled (to 2.0 μm), frequently with coarse lateral encrustations; hyaline to brown in KOH, hyaline in Melzer's. Lamellar trama composed of inamyloid hyphae, yellow to pinkish in Melzer's. Pileipellis of somewhat gelatinised or gelatinised hyphae, 1.5–12.5 μm diam, av. 5.3 μm, mostly inamyloid, with some scattered amyloid elements. Hyphae of the basal mycelium cylindrical, 4.0–16.0 μm diam, with a thick amyloid coating of blue granules when observed in Melzer's; clamp connections observed, but uncommon.

ITS sequence (GenBank MG457831) distinct from the other members of section Confusi. This species is most closely related to C. confusus, from which it differs in the ITS regions by 13 substitutions and indel positions, a similarity of 98.0 %.

Ecology and distribution: Forming basidiomes in autumn, winter and spring in coniferous and mixed forests, particularly in rich grass-herb forests in the north of its range, more commonly in thermo- and meso-Mediterranean pine forests in the south, often with mixed sclerophyllous vegetation in the understory. It is found under species of Pinus subgen. Pinus, mainly P. halepensis and P. brutia in the Mediterranean range, but in other parts of Europe also with P. sylvestris, P. halepensis, and P. nigra, with a single record under Picea and another one under Larix. Contrary to the specific epithet, C. mediterraneus is very widely distributed, reaching as far north as Scotland and Finland, although it may be endemic in Europe. Basidiomata have been observed several times in direct contact with basidiomata of Rhizopogon cf. luteolus, R. cf. roseolus, and R. cf. vulgaris.

Notes: Chroogomphus mediterraneus is a species of remarkable plasticity (Siquier et al. 2016), but differs from all other European members of the genus, with the notable exception of C. cf. helveticus (subgen. Siccigomphus), in lacking an amyloid reaction in the lamellar trama. Apart from the ecology, it can be distinguished from C. cf. helveticus because the latter has a yellow to orange-apricot, dry pileus when young and broader pileipellis hyphae (to 17 μm wide) that are not embedded in a gelatinised layer. As also noted by Martín et al. (2016), the distinctly ochraceous yellow or ochraceous cream mycelium at the stipe base is usually an excellent diagnostic field character separating this species from C. rutilus, which has a whitish or cream basal mycelium. The deep orange lamellae of C. mediterraneus, which maintain this colour until late in maturity, might be another useful character for discriminating this species from C. rutilus. This needs to be more thoroughly evaluated when further molecularly-confirmed collections become available.

Epitypification of C. mediterraneus with a modern sequenced specimen (JLS 3539, GenBank LT219430) was necessary since three previous attempts at sequencing the holotype of C. mediterraneus in different laboratories were unsuccessful (Martín et al. 2016). The selected specimen is from the type locality (topotype) and its morphological characters match the description of the holotype (Martín et al. 2016). Collections previously reported as “C. rutilus” in Cyprus (e.g. Loizides et al. 2011) all corresponded to C. mediterraneus, greatly extending the species’ biogeographical range towards the eastern Mediterranean.

Additional specimens examined: Bulgaria: Blagoevgrad Province: West Frontier mts, Logodazh village, with Pinus nigra, 22 Sep. 2014, B. Assyov (SOMF29763, GenBank MG457857). – Cyprus: Troodos, under P. nigra subsp. pallasiana, 18 Nov. 2014, M. Loizides ML411181/1, FR2015390 (GenBank MG457867). – Finland: Uusimaa: Porvoo, Bjurböle, NE side of Meteoriittitie, E from Mäntymäki, in grass-herb forest dominated by Betula pendula, 11 Sep. 1997, U. Nummela-Salo &P. Salo (H6016157, GenBank MG457834). Varsinais-Suomi: Lohja, Virkkala, E part of Pähkinäniemi, very rich, dry grass-herb forest with calcareous bottom, 29 Aug. 1999, U. Nummela-Salo & P. Salo (H6016160, GenBank MG457836). Etelä-Karjala: Lappeenranta, Ihalainen, Mattila, S from the highway, NE of the Russian military cemetery, on dry heath forest dominated by Pinus sylvestris, with rich calcareous bottom, 5 Sep. 2003, U. Nummela-Salo & P. Salo (H6002491, GenBank MG457839). Etelä-Häme: Padasjoki, Kasiniemi, Viitaniemi, in herb-rich mesic forest, 5 Sep. 2011, V. Haikonen (H6029004, GenBank MG457831). – France: Savoie: Chambéry, les Charmettes, with Pinus sp., 11 Nov. 2014, M. Durand MDH03 (LIP 0401328, GenBank MG457839). – Germany: Thuringia: Ilmenau, between Oberporlitz and Unterporlitz, with Picea, 28 Sep. 2016, R.A. Fortey (K(M)233760, GenBank MG457835); Ilmenau, on the road to Unterporlitz, with Pinus sp. (Betula also present), 28 Sep. 2016, P.A. & K. Cavanagh (K(M)233761, GenBank MG457833). – Greece: [Locality unknown], under Pinus sp., 1 Nov. 2014, E. Papadopoulou FR2015401 (GenBank MG457868). – United Kingdom: Wales: Monmouthshire, Hardwick Plantation nr. Highmoor Hill, Larix woodland, 17 Dec 2017, M. Oxford & W. Thomas (K(M)237779, GenBank MH037154). Scotland: Mid-Perthshire, Black Wood of Rannoch, with Pinus (Betula also present), 24 Aug. 2015, T. Niskanen TN15-015 (K(M)200317, GenBank MG457837); TN15-014 (K(M)200316, GenBank MG457838): South Aberdeenshire, Linn of Dee, with Pinus sylvestris, 27 Aug. 2003, S. Kelly (K(M)175418, GenBank MG457832).– Spain: Castilla-La Mancha: Puente de Vadillos, Hoz de Beteta, near Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra, 1 Nov 2017, G. Kibby (K(M)237593, GenBank MH037155).

Specimen details of downloaded sequences: Spain: Balearic Islands: Eivissa, Sant Josep de sa Talaia, es Cap Falcó, alt. 0–25 m, under Pinus halepensis, 4 Dec. 2009, J. L. Siquier & J. C. Salom (JLS 2917, GenBank LT219429); Formentera, Torrent de Cala Saona, under Pinus halepensis, 7 Dec. 2008, J. L. Siquier & J. C. Salom (JLS 3006, GenBank LT219431); Mallorca, Pollença, Puig de Son Vila, alt. 100–200 m, under Pinus halepensis, 21 Nov. 2009, J. L. Siquier & J. C. Salom (JLS 2887, GenBank LT219432); Menorca, Es Mercadal, Sa Roca, alt. 180–240 m, under Pinus halepensis, 14 Nov. 2011, J. L. Siquier & J. C. Salom (JLS 3384, GenBank LT219433). Teruel: Mora de Rubielos, Puerto de San Rafael, alt. 1400 m, under Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris, 6 Oct. 2009, J. L. Siquier & J. C. Salom (JLS 2775, GenBank LT219434).

[Jplm]

Je reviens encore sur ce sujet. On note que la base du pied est jaune, voir où ça mène dans la clé.

Par ailleurs, ce qu'on voit derrière l'exemplaire de droite ne serait pas un Rhizopogon cf. roseolus ? Si c'est le cas, ce serait un indice en faveur de C. mediterraneus qui semble être souvent le commensal de Rhizopogon sp. - c'est d'ailleurs indiqué dans l'article ci-dessus au paragraphe Ecology and distribution.

Jplm

[Nommo]

Je reviens encore sur ce sujet. On note que la base du pied est jaune, voir où ça mène dans la clé.

Par ailleurs, ce qu'on voit derrière l'exemplaire de droite ne serait pas un Rhizopogon cf. roseolus ? Si c'est le cas, ce serait un indice en faveur de C. mediterraneus qui semble être souvent le commensal de Rhizopogon sp. - c'est d'ailleurs indiqué dans l'article ci-dessus au paragraphe Ecology and distribution.

Jplm

Merci Jean-Pierre, j’ai lu avec intérêt cet article et noté cette proximité signalée de Chroogomphus mediterraneus avec des espèces du genre Rhizopogon, intéressant pour moi qui suis passionné de l’approche macroscopique des champignons. J’ai soumis samedi à Jean Chabrol la photo de Pierre Perillier, Jean a récolté plusieurs fois et vérifié des récoltes de C. mediterraneus au microscope. Il confirme ma suspicion et reconnaît formellement l’espèce, en l’absence de microscopie impossible faute de matériel je renomme avec la précaution d’usage.