FAN :
- Psilocybe firnetaria (P.D. Orton) Watl. in Lloydia 30: 150. 1967.
Strophario fimrtaria P.D. Orton in Notes R. bot. Gdn Edinb. 26: 59. 1964.
SEL. ICON. - Arnolds in Amolds ct al., Overz. Paddest. Nederland:
pl. 13b. 1995; Noordel. in Fungi non del. 4: pl. 8. 1998; Rald in
Svampe 30: 24. 1994.
Sel.. DESCR. & Figs - Guzman, Psllocybe: 351-354, fig. 608-614,
- 1983; Noordel. in Fungi non del. 4: 20-22, fig. 8. 1998; P.D. Orton
in Notes R. hot. Gdn Edinb. 26: 59. 1964; Watl. & Gregory in Br.
Fung. FI. 5: 38-39. 1987.
Pileus 15-35 mm, convex to plano-convex with small papilla or not,
with deflexed then straight margin, hygrophanous, not or very slightly
translucently striate at margin only, uniformly coloured dark brown
(Mu. 10 YR - 2.5 Y 312-3), strongly pallescent to yellow or yellowolive
(10 YR 5-716, 2.5 Y 7-816) upon drying from centre to margin,
viscid when moist with separable, gelatinous pellicle; marginal zone
with appressed, white, triangular, fibrillose velar remnants. Lamellae.
L = 18-22, l = 3-7, moderately distant, adnate-emarginate, ventricose,
dark reddish brown with olivaceous hue (7.5 YR 3\21 with white, fimbriate,
not edge. Stipe 60-90 X 2-4 mm, cylindrical, flexuous, with
broadened, sometimes bulbous base, white, discolouring yellow to
yellow-brown when handled or when old, usually with distinct skyblue
tinge in basal part, densely covered with white, longitudinal fibrils,
white strigose at base, with narrow, fibrillose annular zone, with
white fibrils or small flocks of velum below. Context white at first,
turning yellow or yellow-brown in lower part of stipe. Smell farinaceous
especially when crushed. Taste farinaceous. Spore print deep
purple-brown.
Spores 12.5-15(-15.5) X 7.0-8.0 X 7.5-8.5 µm, Q = 1.7-2.0, Qav =
1.8, ellipsoid in side-view, ovoid in frontal view, thick-walled, with
broad germ pore. Basidia 21-46 X 7.0-9.0 pm, 4-spored, rarely also 2-
spored, clamped. Lamella edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 15-30(-35) X
6.0-9.0 µm, lageniform, with 1.0-2.0 pm wide, frequently forked neck,
clamped. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis an up to 100 pm thick ixocutis
of hyaline, colourless, 1.5-3.5 pm wide cyhndrical hyphae embedded
in a hyaline, colourless, gelatinous matrix; subpellis a compact
layer made up of radially oriented, 3.0-7.0 pm wide, yellow-brown,
brown-incrusted hyphae. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, 2.0-7.0 µm
wide, pigmentless or pale yellow-brown coloured hyphae. Caulocystidia
in clusters in apical pan of stipe. 20-40 X 5.0-8.0 µm, (sub-
)lagcniform with 1.0-3.0 µm wide neck, similar to cheilocystidia.
Clamp-connections abundant in all tlssues.
HABITAT & DISTR. - Saprotrophic, solitary or in small groups on
horse or cow dung in grazed coastal dune areas, very rare (Callantsoog:
Zwanenwater; Lauwersmeer). Sept.-Nov. Widespread, but
not common in Europe and North America. Also recorded from Chile.
Psilocybefimetaria is distinguished by the hygrophanous pileus, distinct
velar remnants on pileus and stipe, the often bluing stipe, farinaceous
smell and taste, and rather regularly shaped, non-hexagonal
spores. Psilocybe liniformans, another bluing species on horse-dung,
